Explanation

The dot product multiplies corresponding components and adds them.

Formula:
<a, b> · <c, d> = ac + bd

Example:
<2, 3> · <4, 1> = (2×4) + (3×1) = 8 + 3 = 11

Uses:

• Checking if vectors are perpendicular

• Finding angles between vectors

If dot product = 0 → vectors are perpendicular