Explanation

Matrix operations include addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

Matrix Addition/Subtraction:

• Matrices must have the same dimensions

• Add or subtract corresponding entries

Example:
[ 1 2 ] + [ 3 4 ] = [ 4 6 ]
[ 5 6 ] [ 7 8 ] [ 12 14 ]

Scalar Multiplication:
Multiply every element by a number

Example:
3 × [ 2 1 ] = [ 6 3 ]
[ 4 5 ] [ 12 15 ]

Matrix Multiplication:

• Columns of first matrix must match rows of second matrix

• Multiply rows by columns