Course Content
Whole Numbers
1. Place Value Learn how digits represent different values depending on their place in a number. Understand the ones, tens, hundreds, and beyond. 2. Comparing Numbers Master how to determine which numbers are greater or smaller using inequality symbols and number lines. 3. Rounding Numbers Practice rounding numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, or thousand to estimate values more easily.
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Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a number system from Ancient Rome that uses letters to represent numbers instead of digits. Basic Roman Numerals I = 1 V = 5 X = 10 L = 50 C = 100 D = 500 M = 1000 Quick Rules ✅ If a smaller numeral comes after a bigger one → add Example: VI = 5 + 1 = 6 ✅ If a smaller numeral comes before a bigger one → subtract Example: IV = 5 − 1 = 4
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Integers
Integers are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero. Integers do NOT include: ❌ decimals (like 2.5, -0.7) ❌ fractions (like ½, -3/4) 🔢 Types of Integers 1) Positive Integers These are numbers greater than 0: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … Example: +8 means you have 8 dollars. 2) Negative Integers These are numbers less than 0: -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, … Example: -8 means you owe 8 dollars or you are 8 below zero. 3) Zero 0 is an integer too! It is the number in the middle of positive and negative numbers. 📍 Integers on a Number Line Integers can be shown on a number line: Numbers to the right of 0 are positive Numbers to the left of 0 are negative Example: … -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 … ➕➖ Integer Operations (How They Work) Adding Integers ✅ Same signs → add, keep the sign 5 + 3 = 8 (-5) + (-3) = -8 ✅ Different signs → subtract, keep the sign of the bigger number 7 + (-2) = 5 (-9) + 4 = -5 Subtracting Integers Subtracting is the same as adding the opposite: Example: 6 − 2 = 4 6 − (-2) = 6 + 2 = 8 (-6) − 2 = -8 (-6) − (-2) = -6 + 2 = -4 Multiplying & Dividing Integers ✅ Same signs → positive (-4)(-3) = 12 4 ÷ 2 = 2 ✅ Different signs → negative (-4)(3) = -12 12 ÷ (-3) = -4 🌎 Real-Life Examples of Integers Integers are used all the time: 📌 Temperature 10°C (positive) -5°C (negative) 📌 Money $20 = you have money -$20 = you owe money 📌 Elevation 200 feet above sea level -50 feet below sea level 📌 Sports +3 points gained -3 points lost
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Pre-Algebra

What Are Fractions?

A fraction is a way to show part of a whole or part of a group. It tells us how many equal parts we have out of the total number of equal parts.

A fraction has two main parts:

numerator

denominator

  • Numerator → the top number (how many parts you have)

  • Denominator → the bottom number (how many equal parts the whole is divided into)


Example

3/4

  • Numerator = 3 → you have 3 parts

  • Denominator = 4 → the whole is divided into 4 equal parts

So, 3/4 means 3 out of 4 equal parts.


Types of Fractions

1. Proper Fractions

The numerator is less than the denominator.

Example:

2/5


2. Improper Fractions

The numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator.

Example:

7/4


3. Mixed Numbers

A whole number combined with a fraction.

Example:

1 3/4

(Which is the same as 7/4)


4. Equivalent Fractions

Fractions that have different numbers but the same value.

Example:

1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6


5. Simplifying Fractions

Divide the numerator and denominator by the same number.

Example:

6/8 = 3/4


Operations with Fractions (Basic Overview)

  • Adding/Subtracting: Denominators must be the same

    1/4 + 2/4 = 3/4

  • Multiplying: Multiply straight across

    2/3 × 3/4 = 6/12 = 1/2

  • Dividing: Multiply by the reciprocal

    1/2 ÷ 1/4 = 1/2 × 4/1 = 2


Why Are Fractions Important?

  • Sharing food or objects equally

  • Cooking and baking

  • Measuring length, weight, and volume

  • Understanding decimals and percentages

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