Course Content
Whole Numbers
1. Place Value Learn how digits represent different values depending on their place in a number. Understand the ones, tens, hundreds, and beyond. 2. Comparing Numbers Master how to determine which numbers are greater or smaller using inequality symbols and number lines. 3. Rounding Numbers Practice rounding numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, or thousand to estimate values more easily.
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Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a number system from Ancient Rome that uses letters to represent numbers instead of digits. Basic Roman Numerals I = 1 V = 5 X = 10 L = 50 C = 100 D = 500 M = 1000 Quick Rules ✅ If a smaller numeral comes after a bigger one → add Example: VI = 5 + 1 = 6 ✅ If a smaller numeral comes before a bigger one → subtract Example: IV = 5 − 1 = 4
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Integers
Integers are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero. Integers do NOT include: ❌ decimals (like 2.5, -0.7) ❌ fractions (like ½, -3/4) 🔢 Types of Integers 1) Positive Integers These are numbers greater than 0: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … Example: +8 means you have 8 dollars. 2) Negative Integers These are numbers less than 0: -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, … Example: -8 means you owe 8 dollars or you are 8 below zero. 3) Zero 0 is an integer too! It is the number in the middle of positive and negative numbers. 📍 Integers on a Number Line Integers can be shown on a number line: Numbers to the right of 0 are positive Numbers to the left of 0 are negative Example: … -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 … ➕➖ Integer Operations (How They Work) Adding Integers ✅ Same signs → add, keep the sign 5 + 3 = 8 (-5) + (-3) = -8 ✅ Different signs → subtract, keep the sign of the bigger number 7 + (-2) = 5 (-9) + 4 = -5 Subtracting Integers Subtracting is the same as adding the opposite: Example: 6 − 2 = 4 6 − (-2) = 6 + 2 = 8 (-6) − 2 = -8 (-6) − (-2) = -6 + 2 = -4 Multiplying & Dividing Integers ✅ Same signs → positive (-4)(-3) = 12 4 ÷ 2 = 2 ✅ Different signs → negative (-4)(3) = -12 12 ÷ (-3) = -4 🌎 Real-Life Examples of Integers Integers are used all the time: 📌 Temperature 10°C (positive) -5°C (negative) 📌 Money $20 = you have money -$20 = you owe money 📌 Elevation 200 feet above sea level -50 feet below sea level 📌 Sports +3 points gained -3 points lost
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Pre-Algebra

A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors:

  1. 1

  2. The number itself

Examples of prime numbers

  • 2 → factors: 1, 2

  • 3 → factors: 1, 3

  • 5 → factors: 1, 5

  • 7 → factors: 1, 7

  • 11 → factors: 1, 11

✅ These numbers cannot be divided evenly by any other number.


Special case: The number 2

  • 2 is the smallest prime number

  • The only even prime number

All other even numbers have more than two factors, so they are composite.


What are Composite Numbers?

A composite number is a whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors.

Examples of composite numbers

  • 4 → factors: 1, 2, 4

  • 6 → factors: 1, 2, 3, 6

  • 8 → factors: 1, 2, 4, 8

  • 12 → factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

✅ Composite numbers can be written as a product of smaller numbers.


What about the number 1?

⚠️ 1 is neither prime nor composite
Why?

  • It has only one factor (1)

  • Prime numbers need two factors

  • Composite numbers need more than two factors


Key differences: Prime vs Composite

Prime Numbers Composite Numbers
Exactly 2 factors More than 2 factors
Cannot be factored further Can be factored
Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7 Examples: 4, 6, 8, 9

How to tell if a number is prime or composite

  1. Count how many numbers divide it evenly.

  2. If only 1 and itselfPrime

  3. If more than twoComposite

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